a207  1039  02 Feb 86
AM-Poland-Peace Movement, Bjt,0765
TODAY'S FOCUS: Fledgling Peace Movement Nears First Anniversary
By CHARLES J. GANS
Associated Press Writer
    WARSAW, Poland (AP) - Although it has been declared illegal and some
of its members imprisoned, Poland's first independent peace movement
shows no signs of succumbing to intimidation from communist
authorities.
    ''Despite the repressions we will not give up,'' said Jacek
Czaputowicz, a founder of the Freedom and Peace Movement.
    Freedom and Peace, founded in March 1985, claims more than 100
activists in four Polish cities and several thousand sympathizers,
including Solidarity leader Lech Walesa, the 1983 Nobel Peace Prize
winner.
    It groups a new generation of Polish dissidents just as the
now-disbanded Workers Defense Committee, or KOR, did when it was
formed in 1976.
    Among its members are the son of Jacek Kuron, the leader of KOR and
perhaps the country's best-known dissident, and former leaders of the
banned independent students' union that formed during the Solidarity
years, 1980-81. Most members are in their 20s.
    The Polish peace movement, like other unofficial peace movements in
Eastern Europe, seeks the support of West European anti-war movements
in pressuring Soviet-bloc countries to respect human rights and make
democratic reforms.
    ''There are now more (West European peace) groups that understand
what we are talking about - that there is no peace without freedom,
without national independence and democracy,'' said Czaputowicz, a
30-year-old economist. ''There is no peace without human rights.''
    He said Freedom and Peace has received messages of support from
major peace organizations in Britain, Holland and France.
    Although the Polish organization shares such objectives of Western
peace movements as the demilitarization of Central Europe and the end
of the division of the continent into competing blocs, its members
acknowledge these goals are utopian. They have presented more
realistic demands to Polish authorities.
    Earlier this month, at a news conference in Kuron's Warsaw apartment
that was raided by police, Czaputowicz read the group's demands. They
included releasing youths imprisoned for refusing military service,
allowing conscientious objectors to perform alternate service and
dropping pro-Soviet ideological references in the Polish army oath.
    ''If the authorities went ahead with such measures it would be proof
... that their declarations about peace are not empty words,''
Czaputowicz said in an interview at his Warsaw apartment. ''We cannot
begin talking about things like nuclear arms or troop reductions or a
neutral Europe if even these concrete postulates cannot be
realized.''
    The government has not tolerated any independent peace initiatives
organized outside the framework of the official Polish Peace
Committee that supports Soviet policies.
    Last May, officials in the southern city of Krakow banned Freedom
and Peace on the grounds it posed ''a danger to public peace''
because its founding declaration said conditions for peace do not
exist in countries like Poland ''where traditional public freedoms
have been liquidated.''
    When 14 members of the group tried to hold a peace demonstration in
November by laying flowers at the grave of a German soldier executed
for refusing to shoot Polish civilians in World War II, they were
detained by police for six hours.
    Freedom and Peace was created last March during a weeklong hunger
strike at a suburban Warsaw church to protest the imprisonment of
Marek Adamkiewicz, a student activist who refused military service.
    Adamkiewicz, 28, is serving a 2 1/2-year sentence for refusing to
recite the Polish army oath because it pledged support to the Soviet
army. He said he could not condone the Soviet invasions of
Czechoslovakia in 1968, in which Polish troops took part, and
Afghanistan in 1979.
    In December, a 21-year-old Freedom and Peace activist, Wojciech
Jankowski, was sentenced to 3 1/2 years in prison for refusing army
service. A military court rejected his request to be allowed to
perform alternative service as a conscientious objector.
    Jankowski was among 28 Freedom and Peace members who returned their
draft cards to the defense ministry to protest Adamkiewicz's
imprisonment.
    Misdemeanor courts have convicted 12 of them so far for returning
their draft cards. Nearly all have refused to pay fines of up to
about $330 and declared they will serve 50-day jail terms instead
''in solidarity'' with Adamkiewicz.
    In addition to Jankowski, at least seven others have received
military induction notices and face up to five years in prison if
they refuse to serve.
    All Polish males must perform up to two years of military service
unless exempted for medical or personal reasons.
    Czaputowicz estimated that more than 100 young Poles, many of them
Jehovah's Witnesses, are in prison for refusing military duty. The
government has admitted there are ''sporadic'' refusal cases but has
not released any figures.
    
AP-NY-02-02-86 1336EST
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